Technical forensic specification explaining how BotRefund analyzes browser environments and network invariants to distinguish novel retail browsers from server-side automation.
Human neuromuscular motor coordination produces continuous chaotic micro-tremors, non-zero curvature jerk, and variable velocity arcs. Interaction is governed by cognitive reading pauses (80ms–150ms per keystroke; 2,000ms–8,000ms form dwell times) and natural visual scanning.
Click bots and scraping scripts execute programmatic mouse events with zero tremor variance, linear waypoint trajectories, or replay identical 45-bit spatial SimHash angles across IPs. Autonomous AI agents exhibit discrete LLM API pauses followed by bounding-box centroid clicks.
Mouse Trajectory Jerk & Curvature-Velocity Anomaly: Third-derivative kinematic jerk analysis ($\frac{d^3x}{dt^3}$) detected excessive variance, discrete waypoint snap singularities, or curvature-velocity decoupling violating biological motor control laws (Viviani's Two-Thirds Power Law). Human movement decelerates through tight turns, whereas programmatic path generators maintain constant velocity or inject synthetic Gaussian jitter.
Ad Platform Fraud Classification: Under Google Ads Invalid Traffic guidelines (Automated Click Activity) and Meta Advertising Integrity standards, sessions exhibiting Trajectory Jerk & Curvature Anomaly violate fundamental consumer hardware invariants. They fail deterministic silicon rasterization, protocol compliance, or neuromuscular biometrics.
Why This Proves Non-Human Origin: Genuine consumer browsers on retail operating systems execute this API natively with verified hardware backing. Server software (headless cloud containers, unpatched automation harnesses, and proxy tunnels) cannot replicate this execution environment without incurring prohibitive server hardware costs.
Evidence Dossier Invariants: Each disputed click in our export packet matches an immutable server-side timestamp, landing URL, GCLID/fbclid, and observed IP address with zero client-side tamperability.
Human Baseline & Exception Scenario: High-DPI gaming mice with aggressive hardware acceleration or jittery trackpads. Neutralized by human verification factors.
BotRefund operates a multi-vector ensemble model. This signal adds objective forensic weight to the session dossier but never acts in isolation. Positive verdicts require corroboration across network routing, hardware silicon, and cursor kinematics to guarantee 99% precision.
This signal registers an objective, mathematically verifiable anomaly on the session ledger.
BotRefund correlates L4 packet timing, GPU silicon, and cursor jerk before finalizing risk.
Compiled directly into Google Ads and Meta refund packets with verified click IDs and server logs.