Technical forensic specification explaining how BotRefund analyzes browser environments and network invariants to distinguish novel retail browsers from server-side automation.
Legitimate consumer sessions originate directly from residential, cellular (LTE/5G), or corporate office ISPs. Network packets exhibit standard unfragmented Maximum Transmission Units (MTU 1500, TCP MSS >= 1460 bytes) without tunnel encapsulation headers, and domain lookups resolve via local ISP nameservers.
Automated scraping rings route clicks through commercial datacenter servers or residential proxy tunnels. Tunnel encapsulation (WireGuard/SOCKS5) clamps TCP SYN MSS to <= 1420 bytes, leaks residential IPs via WebRTC, or routes DNS queries through discordant overseas resolvers.
Only after the existing Seatext verdict has already classified the completed session as a bot, the server queries ProxyCheck.io for the trusted observed public IP. A positive `proxy=yes`, VPN/TOR/hosting type, or elevated provider risk result is retained as independent IP-reputation corroboration. It adds a small bounded point and cannot create the initial bot decision.
Ad Platform Fraud Classification: Under Google Ads Invalid Traffic guidelines (Automated Click Activity) and Meta Advertising Integrity standards, sessions exhibiting ProxyCheck.io Reputation violate fundamental consumer hardware invariants. They fail deterministic silicon rasterization, protocol compliance, or neuromuscular biometrics.
Why This Proves Non-Human Origin: Genuine consumer browsers on retail operating systems execute this API natively with verified hardware backing. Server software (headless cloud containers, unpatched automation harnesses, and proxy tunnels) cannot replicate this execution environment without incurring prohibitive server hardware costs.
Evidence Dossier Invariants: Each disputed click in our export packet matches an immutable server-side timestamp, landing URL, GCLID/fbclid, and observed IP address with zero client-side tamperability.
Human Baseline & Exception Scenario: Provider data can be stale, shared, or incorrect for the individual behind a carrier/NAT address. A missing, negative, unavailable, or quota-limited response is not evidence of a human session.
BotRefund operates a multi-vector ensemble model. This signal adds objective forensic weight to the session dossier but never acts in isolation. Positive verdicts require corroboration across network routing, hardware silicon, and cursor kinematics to guarantee 99% precision.
This signal registers an objective, mathematically verifiable anomaly on the session ledger.
BotRefund correlates L4 packet timing, GPU silicon, and cursor jerk before finalizing risk.
Compiled directly into Google Ads and Meta refund packets with verified click IDs and server logs.