HTTP User-Agent Mismatch

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BotRefund combines browser, network, device, and behavior evidence to identify invalid traffic.

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Detection approach

The User-Agent header sent during the normal HTTP Beacon request contradicts the User-Agent header sent during the out-of-band Netprobe HTTPS request, indicating inconsistent browser profiles or proxy rotation.

How this helps detect bots

Collect this signal alongside session context, request metadata, and other independent indicators. A single anomaly is a lead, not a verdict; corroborating anomalies make automated traffic more likely.

Legitimate traffic to consider

Privacy-conscious browser extensions dynamically modifying User-Agent strings mid-session.

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