Navigation Timing Stub

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BotRefund combines browser, network, device, and behavior evidence to identify invalid traffic.

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Detection approach

Navigation Timing API mismatch detected. The page reported a transferSize of 0 bytes but a non-zero decodedBodySize, or initial transferSize was 0, indicating that resources were stubbed or blocked by automation configs (e.g. Playwright) to save bandwidth and speed up scraping.

How this helps detect bots

Collect this signal alongside session context, request metadata, and other independent indicators. A single anomaly is a lead, not a verdict; corroborating anomalies make automated traffic more likely.

Legitimate traffic to consider

None. Genuine browser environments always show non-zero transfer sizes for initial document loads.

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