Math Rounding Matrix

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BotRefund combines browser, network, device, and behavior evidence to identify invalid traffic.

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Detection approach

Trigonometric/Math Rounding Matrix signature mismatch. The browser's floating-point math engine (e.g. Math.cos, Math.sin) executed calculations with rounding errors that contradict the claimed User-Agent browser engine (V8 vs SpiderMonkey vs JavaScriptCore). Because math rounding behaviors are governed by the browser's native C++ engine and physical hardware registers, this desynchronization proves deliberate User-Agent spoofing.

How this helps detect bots

Collect this signal alongside session context, request metadata, and other independent indicators. A single anomaly is a lead, not a verdict; corroborating anomalies make automated traffic more likely.

Legitimate traffic to consider

Web developers testing site views using responsive emulator modes in desktop browsers.

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