HTTP Protocol Mismatch

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BotRefund combines browser, network, device, and behavior evidence to identify invalid traffic.

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Detection approach

The HTTP protocol version negotiated differs between the HTTP Beacon (e.g. HTTP/2) and the Netprobe (e.g. HTTP/1.1), signifying different network client stacks (like scripts vs browsers).

How this helps detect bots

Collect this signal alongside session context, request metadata, and other independent indicators. A single anomaly is a lead, not a verdict; corroborating anomalies make automated traffic more likely.

Legitimate traffic to consider

Legacy browsers or browser extensions performing custom proxy protocol negotiation.

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