Empty Device List

Protect every paid visit

BotRefund combines browser, network, device, and behavior evidence to identify invalid traffic.

Best bot protection for your website

Detection approach

navigator.mediaDevices.enumerateDevices() returned zero devices, but the User-Agent claims a desktop operating system. Genuine desktop browsers expose at least a default audio input. An empty list indicates a headless or heavily sandboxed automation container.

How this helps detect bots

Collect this signal alongside session context, request metadata, and other independent indicators. A single anomaly is a lead, not a verdict; corroborating anomalies make automated traffic more likely.

Legitimate traffic to consider

Legit users on desktop systems without mic/camera attached, or blocking device access.

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